Conjoined Twins

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1. The most common form of conjoined twins is

a. Thoracopagus

b. Omphalopagus

c. Pygopagus

d. Duplicata incompleta

e. Craniopagus

 

2. Conjoined twins with lateral union (joined side by side)

a. Ischiopagus

b. Craniopagus

c. Pygopagus

d. Parapagus

e. Rachipagus

 

3. Conjoined twins can be excluded when finding

a. Discordant presentation

b. Fetal anomalies

c. Unusual extension of the spines

d. Two hearts

e. Two placentas

 

4. Which of the following can be considered as duplicata incompleta

a. Diprosopus

b. Dicephalus

c. Dipygus

d. All of the above

e. None of the above

 

5. The prognosis for duplicata incompleta is

a. poor

b. excellent when detected in the first trimester

c. excellent after intrauterine correction

d. good only when delivered in a tertiary center

e. the best for all conjoined twins

 

6. Which of the following is true about the associated anomalies in conjoined twins 

a. They are always related to the junction regions

b. The most frequent one is a congenital heart disease

c. The malformation in both twins hearts is always the same

d. They do not occur very often 

e. Their frequency is the same as in separate monozygotic twins

 

7. All of the following are true about the management of conjoined twins, except

a. Early diagnosis allows elective pregnancy termination

b. Serial examinations are indicated to detect complications

c. Tertiary care centers are recommended only when the prognosis is good

d. The separation of conjoined hearts is possible in cases of atrial connection

e. They have to be delivered by cesarean section

 

8. The surgical separation of conjoined twins

a. has a perioperative mortality rate >50%

b. should  always be considered

c. should always be as soon as possible

d. has a better operative survival rate when performed before 4 months of age

e. Must be delayed in cases of ruptured omphalocele

 

9. The differential diagnosis for conjoined twins includes

a. Lymphangioma

b. Teratoma

c. Cystic hygroma

d. Multiple gestation

e. All of the above

 

10. In conjoined twins

a. both twins are of the same size

b. we usually find mirror-image of each other

c. 40% are stillborn

d. More than 80% die within 24 hours after birth

e. oligohydramnios is very frequent


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