1. Evaluation for suspected arterio-venous fistula should be performed with:

a. A low velocity scale on color Doppler

b. A high velocity scale on color Doppler

c. Gray scale imaging alone

d. Duplex imaging alone

2. The size of the fistula can be best evaluated by:

a. Measuring the communicating channel on gray scale imaging.

b. Looking at the peak systolic velocity

c. Having the patient perform a Valsalva maneuver while measuring flow across the communicating channel in the recipient vein

3. The waveform in the communicating channel of a pseudoaneurysm:

a. Has a low resistance pattern during diastole

b. Always has a peak systolic velocity less than the artery where it originates

c. Shows a reversing pattern during diastole

4. Pseudoaneurysm can be best treated

a. By ultrasound guided compression repair

b. By blind puncture of the pulsatile mass and injection of thrombin

c. By ultrasound guided puncture of the pseudoaneurysm cavity and injection of thrombin

d. By surgical repair

5. Dialysis access grafts made of PTFE are less likely to have the following diagnoses made with ultrasound imaging

a. Pseudoaneurysm

b. Peri-graft hematoma

c. Graft conduit stenosis

d. Venous outflow stenosis

6. Typical dialysis graft blood flow velocities are:

a. Turbulent

b. Laminar

c. Below 100 cm/sec peak systolic velocities

7. Lymph nodes typically have:

a. An echogenic center

b. An echolucent center

c. A to-fro pattern of blood flow

d. A high resistance blood flow pattern

8. The increased vascularity seen with abscess formation is:

a. Diffuse

b. Preferentially at the periphery of the abscess

c. Preferentially at the center of the abscess

9. Which of the following entities has a similar blood flow pattern to that seen with a Baker's cyst:

a. Ganglion cyst

b. Abscess

c. Sarcoma

d. Malignant lymph node

10. Which of the following will typically not show a low resistance blood flow pattern: