1. Portal hypertension is defined as portal venous pressure greater than:

6 mmHg

12 mmHg

20 mmHg

80 mmHg

2. Portal vein flow going into the liver is correctly termed:

Hepatofugal

Hepatopedal

Hepatopetal

Hepatocentric


3. The TIPS catheter is most frequently placed between:

The left portal vein and left hepatic vein

The left hepatic vein and the left hepatic artery

The right portal vein and the right hepatic vein

The left portal vein and the inferior vena cava


4. The pre TIPS assessment is performed to:

Confirm portal vein patency

Search for portosystemic varices

Confirm hepatic vein patency

All of the above

5. The earliest indicator of shunt compromise is:

Changes in TIPS velocities on sequential studies

Re-accumulation of ascites

Hepatofugal flow in the main portal vein

Hepatofugal flow in the left portal vein


6. A false/positive diagnosis of TIPS thrombosis can be made when:

The Doppler gain is set as low as possible

Pulse repetition frequency is set as low as possible

The shunt is interrogated at an angle of insonation <60 degreesl

All of the above

7. Following TIPS insertion main portal vein velocity typically:

Increases

Decreases

Remains unchanged

None of the above

8. In the patient with a properly functioning TIPS and a patent paraumbilical vein, flow in the left portal vein is:

Usually hepatofugal

Usually hepatopetal

Usually difficult to detect

Varies significantly with respiration

9. Focal TIPS stenosis:

Usually occurs at the junction with the hepatic vein

Can cause reversal of flow in the right hepatic vein

Can manifest as turbulent flow within the inferior vena cava

All of the above

10. If you find uniform flow velocities throughout the TIPS at approximately 30 cm/sec you should:

Tell the patient the TIPS is patent and everything is fine

Recommend immediate intervention

Suggest a follow-up study at 3 months

Check to see that the patient is scheduled for their routine follow-up at 1 year.