After completing this activity, the participant will:

• Evaluate the pathophysiology of aortic stenosis, including its etiology, hemodynamic changes, and clinical manifestations.

• Analyze and interpret the echocardiographic findings associated with aortic stenosis measurements of aortic valve area, peak and mean pressure gradients, and aortic valve morphology to accurately assess the severity.

• Apply knowledge and demonstrate proficiency in understanding a comprehensive echocardiographic examination for the assessment of aortic stenosis, including appropriate imaging views and techniques.

• Distinguish the limitations and interpret sources of error in echocardiographic assessment of aortic stenosis.

• Develop enhanced knowledge of the various treatment options available for aortic stenosis, including medical management, transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), and surgical interventions

• Recommend and employ echocardiography in procedural planning and assessment.

• Physicians

• Sonographers

• Others who perform and/or interpret ultrasound.