This course provides a focused review of placental cord insertion variations and their importance in obstetric ultrasound assessment. Learners will examine the sonographic features of central, eccentric/paracentral, marginal, velamentous, and furcate cord insertions, with emphasis on gray-scale recognition, color Doppler confirmation, and clinical significance.

The course highlights a systematic approach to evaluating the placental cord insertion site, including assessment of cord entry, placental edge relationship, exposed fetal vessels, and vessel mobility. Participants will review key imaging pitfalls and learn how to differentiate marginal cord insertion from velamentous cord insertion using ultrasound anatomy and Doppler findings.

Clinical relevance is emphasized throughout the course, particularly the association between abnormal cord insertion, fetal growth restriction, vasa previa risk, and the need for appropriate follow-up or referral. Learners will also review when transvaginal ultrasound with color Doppler is indicated to assess vessels near the internal cervical os.

By the end of this course, participants will be better prepared to recognize placental cord insertion variants, apply appropriate ultrasound techniques, and document findings using accurate, clinically meaningful terminology.